Macular Hole

A macular hole is a small, round opening that forms in the macula — the part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. It usually develops when the vitreous gel shrinks and pulls on the macula, creating a tear. Macular holes are most common in women over 60 and can cause significant central vision distortion or loss. The condition is staged from 1 (early) to 4 (full-thickness hole). Small, early holes may close on their own, but most full-thickness macular holes require vitrectomy surgery with gas bubble placement to achieve closure and improve vision.