Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that damages the blood vessels in the retina. High blood sugar levels over time weaken the walls of tiny retinal blood vessels, causing them to leak fluid, swell, or grow abnormally. In early stages (non-proliferative), you may have no symptoms at all. As the disease progresses (proliferative), new fragile blood vessels grow on the retina's surface and can bleed into the vitreous, causing sudden vision loss. Regular dilated eye exams are critical for early detection. Treatment options include anti-VEGF injections, laser photocoagulation, and vitrectomy surgery for advanced cases.